‘It’s permanent war’: People in Afghan city plan lives around bursts of Taliban violence

Insurgents press in on Kunduz as government’s war with the Taliban enters dangerous phase

The main square in Kunduz, Afghanistan. For weeks, the northern city has suffered daily street battles. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times
The main square in Kunduz, Afghanistan. For weeks, the northern city has suffered daily street battles. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times

The Afghan way of war in 2021 comes down to this: a watermelon vendor on a sweltering city street, a government Humvee at the front line just 10 metres away, and Taliban fighters lurking unseen on the other side of the road.

When the shooting starts, the vendor makes himself scarce, leaving his melons on the table and hoping for the best. When it stops, selling resumes, to customers now all too rare. “I don’t have a choice. I’ve got to sell the melons,” said the vendor, Abdel Alim, speaking to New York Times journalists while he kept an eye on a lane in Kunduz city from which, he said, Taliban had emerged. “Most people have left. There is fighting all the time.”

The Taliban are pressing in on all sides of Kunduz, a provincial capital of roughly 374,000 in Afghanistan’s north, and several other provincial capitals as well, as the Afghan government’s war with the Taliban enters a new and dangerous phase.

For weeks, the insurgents have captured vulnerable districts across the country's north, sometimes without even firing a shot. And on Wednesday, the Taliban said they had captured an important border crossing with Pakistan, at Spin Boldak – the fourth crossing they have seized in less than a month.

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Families displaced by recent fighting took refuge at the Bibi Amina school in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times
Families displaced by recent fighting took refuge at the Bibi Amina school in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times

It is all part of a broader strategy to tighten the noose around the Afghan capital, Kabul. The insurgents are sewing up the Afghan countryside, cutting off the road network, and squeezing the increasingly enfeebled central government. In late June, the Taliban entered Kunduz city, testing their limits against soldiers and police – the ones who have not given up – in the provincial capital's streets. New York Times journalists went there to assess the heavy toll the fighting is taking on a crucial city.

Crossfire

Civilians in the crossfire are paying the price. Dozens have been killed and injured; up to 70 a day are brought to the hospital, said Mohammed Naim Mangal, director of Kunduz Regional Hospital. Last Monday night, two young residents were killed in the crossfire near Alim’s watermelon stand.

The jagged front line of combat is often just a block or two away from wherever you happen to be, down quiet streets lined with dusty sycamore trees and low mud brick dwellings, baking in the heat. The Taliban are inside the city and outside of it, keeping bedraggled soldiers and police awake all night. The sound of their mortar fire mingles with the call to prayer as the sun goes down.

Lt Col Masoud Nijrabi (second from right) with his commandos at the cotton factory that is now their base in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times
Lt Col Masoud Nijrabi (second from right) with his commandos at the cotton factory that is now their base in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times

As of mid-July, the Taliban are inside four out of this city’s nine municipal districts, battling for control with government forces. Much of the fighting happens at night, when the fierce heat diminishes. During the day, the city centre bustles with vendors, but there are few shoppers. There is risk here for seller and buyer. Closest to the front lines, the shops are shuttered, metal canopies drawn tightly down, glass windows blasted out.

“It’s permanent war,” said Mustafa Turkmen, a carpet seller. “No one can come here, and no one can leave. Every night when I wake up, I hear gunfire.”

Abdul Aleem (right) at his watermelon stand in Kunduz. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/ New York Times
Abdul Aleem (right) at his watermelon stand in Kunduz. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/ New York Times

He comes to his shop nonetheless. Barely holding the line inside the city are the government’s special forces, better trained and tougher than the regular troops. These commandos have taken over an abandoned cotton oil factory, once the symbol of this region’s stillborn prosperity. Their commander, Lt Col Masound Nijrabi, expressed scorn for the regular forces who fail to hold the territory he and his men are forced to claw back from the encroaching Taliban each day.

“It’s not our job to keep these areas,” he said, fingering prayer beads. “The Taliban are coming closer. They are forcing people to leave their homes.” His men looked tired. Too much fighting.

Tremendous pressure

Inside his office, the provincial governor wept. “The pressure is tremendous,” said governor Najibullah Omarkhil, dabbing his eyes with a tissue. “There is no doubt, everyone’s life is in danger. It’s a big weight on my shoulders. And it could get worse.”

The nearby front is an abandoned gas station where two RPG-pocked government Humvees are parked. The ragged soldiers there are fully caught up in the nocturnal war.

Governor Najibullah Omarkhil in his office in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times
Governor Najibullah Omarkhil in his office in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times

“We don’t sleep at night,” said Sgt Abdul Malik (31). “There’s fighting every day.” As he spoke, his comrade stalked around the station in a T-shirt, carrying a US-made M4 carbine.

“When it starts, it’s hell,” said Hamidullah Hamidi, a grocery store owner down the street. He shuts down at 4pm but cannot always avoid the fighting.

The districts surrounding Kunduz have all been captured by the Taliban. The roads leading out of town are under their control. For the moment, though, the local airport is still functioning, though not for commercial traffic. A government helicopter was damaged there during recent fighting .

Hamidullah Hamidi in his shop near a front line in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times
Hamidullah Hamidi in his shop near a front line in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Photograph: Jim Huylebroek/New York Times

More than 35,000 residents in and around Kunduz have been forced out of their homes, according to the United Nations. Many of the displaced are living miserably, outside, exposed to the extreme heat – 46 degrees during the day – hungry, with no privacy, the only shelter ragged sheets strung up on wooden poles.

“Every day, there are mortars. We had no choice,” said Ali Mohammad (57), a village elder from the suburb of Charkhab, camping out with hundreds of others – women, children and the elderly – on the grounds of the Bibi Amina school, one of six schools allocated for those forced to flee.

“Last night I was hungry. No one is helping us,” Mohammad said. Four children, ages 1 to 9, clutched at the burka of their mother, Zakira Akbar. “An animal couldn’t even live here,” said Akbar (30). “The government should help us as soon as possible.”

With the capture of mostly undefended rural districts sewn up, the Taliban have begun to push boldly in, firing from abandoned houses at the edges into the municipal police stations or lightly manned military positions within the cities. The residents of these now-empty houses have either fled or been pushed out by the Taliban.

Under siege

Elsewhere in the country, several other provincial capitals are under siege.

Kunduz has a recent history of conflict with the Taliban. It was briefly taken by the insurgents in 2015 and then again in 2016. Both times, the insurgents were eventually pushed back by Afghan forces with help from US air strikes. It was here that a US gunship mistakenly blasted a Médecins sans Frontières hospital in 2015, killing 42 people.

This time, the Americans will not be coming. The battle for Kunduz has become an intimate fight between Afghan opponents at close range. “Every night they come to these houses and fire on us,” said the chief of police of Kunduz’s 3rd Municipal District, Sayed Mansoor Hashimi, looking out at now-vacant dwellings all around his police station. “Slowly, slowly they are tightening the circle.”

The war in Kunduz is intertwined with the fabric of the city. Shopping trips are planned between bursts of war. Residents no longer pay sufficient attention, said Marzia Salam Yaftali, medical director at Kunduz Regional Hospital.

“They are wounded in the streets or in the bazaar,” she said.

At the hospital, Ezzatullah (14) lay in one of the wards, his legs wrapped in bandages: He lost both his feet when a mortar landed as he was playing outside his house. Three members of his family, including one of his parents, were killed. “I can’t go to school now,” he said.

Asked what he saw as his future, he replied firmly: “I want to be a man, to rebuild my country.”

The war, and the enemy, are inescapable. “We have to live here. Where can we go?” asked Ezamuddin Safi, a telecommunications worker who had to flee his home inside the city in early July.

He was passing the day inside a small downtown restaurant. “My 3-year-old boy, he screams when he hears the firing. He’s tired,” said Safi (25). “Taliban are everywhere.” – New York Times