Default passwords on devices from the digital video recorder in your living room to the security camera in your office threaten the stability of the internet, as hackers build vast networks of “Internet of Things” devices to bombard websites with traffic.
The attack on Dyn, a domain name service provider, that disrupted access to high profile sites such as Twitter, Spotify and the New York Times on Friday, highlighted the risks posed by the billions of devices connected to the internet with little or no cyber security protection. Unidentified hackers took over tens of millions of devices using malicious software called Mirai, making the attack much more powerful and harder to defend against than the average distributed denial-of-service attack.
In a rush of excitement about the prospect of controlling houses and office buildings from smartphones – changing the temperature or detecting burglars using cameras – many manufacturers with little experience of cyber security have connected devices to the internet.
Regulators have not yet created clear rules on how they should be protected and even businesses are finding well-meaning suppliers or facilities managers have accidentally created holes in their corporate networks by adding connected devices.
Security a decade behind
Michael Sutton, chief information security officer of Zscaler, a cloud security company, said Friday’s attack would be a “wake-up call” for the hardware industry.
“Security in the hardware industry is a decade behind where it is in the software industry,” he said. “Mirai was successful because so many webcams, digital video recorders, etc have been produced with default passwords that have never been changed. A simple internet scan identifies them and they can quickly be compromised.”
Cyber security experts have been warning about the risk of “Internet of Things” devices for years, staging high profile hacks at their annual conference Def Con that show how everything from connected cars to insulin pumps could be hacked. But often it has been hard to see why a cyber criminal would target an individual’s device, unless to expose the activity of a person in the public eye or cause harm to a political figure. This attack showed even if a connected device is not necessarily a huge threat to its owner, it could be used maliciously to attack others.
Gartner, the research firm, forecasts there will be over 20 billion connected devices in the world by 2020 with consumers spending $1,500 billion on the “Internet of Things” and businesses spending almost as much. The research firm predicts that more than a quarter of attacks on companies will involve connected devices by 2020, but enterprises will only spend 10 per cent of their cyber security budgets on protecting against these types of attacks.
Regulation ‘almost impossible’
Jeremiah Grossman, chief of security strategy at SentinelOne, a Silicon Valley-based cyber security company, says more attention to the problem of insecure devices is “long overdue”. Device makers should force users to change their default passwords as part of the set-up process and issue security updates, just as they do on PCs, he said. Installing an agent that can monitor what the device is doing would have showed the “very anomalous” behaviour when it was recruited to a botnet, he added.
Regulating the industry is “almost impossible”, Mr Grossman added, because the companies connecting devices to the internet do not fit in any one category: stretching from makers of smart TVs to medical device manufacturers.
Some regulators have taken a look at the potential threat, with the US Food and Drug Administration, which oversees the manufacturer of pacemakers and other medical equipment, issuing draft guidelines earlier this year for how hospitals and manufacturers should monitor devices for vulnerabilities and deploy updates.
Shuman Ghosemajumder, chief technology officer at Shape Security, agreed it is tough for regulators to “solve the problem” as security challenges are constantly changing when hackers develop new techniques. But he said they should be responsible for setting “minimum expectations and norms”.
“The industry as a whole needs to do a better job. There’s no question that the growth of the ‘Internet of Things’ has been fuelled by the excitement around the internet connection enabling new functionality and security has taken a back seat,” he said.
However, he added that potential targets, such as Dyn, a domain name services provider which many major companies rely on to provide access to their sites, also need to improve their security and better protect themselves from these ever-expanding botnets.
Dyn said in a blog post on Saturday that it was watching out for any further attacks and working with law enforcement agencies and others to investigate who was behind the attack. “The number and type of attacks, the duration and the scale, and the complexity of these attacks are all on the rise,” said Kyle York, chief strategy officer.
Mr York said because of the customers that relied on it, Dyn was often the “first responder of the internet”. But as the internet grows larger, bringing in thermostats, lightbulbs and baby monitors, sending in the paramedics just got even harder.
– Financial Times
