Four trials have so far run their full course at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague, set up in 1993. Fifteen other convictions have been obtained, but remain on appeal. The four convicted men are:
Dusko Tadic (45) has been serving a 20-year sentence in Germany for atrocities committed during the 1992-1995 Bosnian war. He had pleaded not guilty of the "seizure, murder and maltreatment of Bosnian Muslims and Croats" in the area around Prijedor and the Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje camps. Images of emaciated prisoners standing near a barbed wire fence in the Keraterm camp shocked the world when they were broadcast in 1992, evoking the horrors of so-called "ethnic cleansing" during the war.
Drazen Erdemovic (29), a Bosnian Croat who served in the Bosnian Serb army in a unit that overran the Muslim enclave of Srebrenica in July, 1995, was released in May, 2000, after serving part of his five-year sentence in Norway, which commutes sentences for good behaviour. After Serb forces captured Srebrenica, between 7,000 and 8,000 Muslim men and boys were killed or disappeared from the enclave. The Srebrenica massacre is considered the worst atrocity on European soil since the second World War. Erdemovic, who was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity, admitted to killing 70 Muslims.
Zlatko Aleksovski (41) is serving a seven-year sentence in Finland for war crimes over the use of Muslim detainees as "human shields" in Bosnia.
Anto Furundzija (31), a Bosnian Croat, was sentenced to 10 years in 1998 for war crimes including the torture and rape of a Muslim civilian woman in 1993 when he was a soldier in the Croatian army.