Publication of J.D. Sallinger's The Catcher In The Rye (1951).George Jorgensen became Christine after the first sex change operation (1952).Ernest Hemmingway published The Old Man and the Sea (1952).Dr Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for polio (1952).Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to climb Everest (1953).Roger Bannister ran the mile in under four minutes (1954).Elvis Presley made his first record, That's All Right (1954).Invention of the pacemaker (1956).The Beat Generation, described by Jack Keouac in On The Road, led to the "beatnik" movement (1957).