Our archives contain much health advice, especially for those planning a “staycation” like generations before them.
Society columns in the late 19th century heralded the seasonal arrival of the upper classes at Bundoran, Tramore, Kilkee, and other sea resorts. However, the summer migration of Irish families had much humbler beginnings.
An 1899 article refers to an account from 1836. While on the road to Boyle, a writer witnessed country families in laden carts heading to cottages and cabins around the coast. He learned that “a few weeks at the seaside was considered absolutely necessary for the preservation of health, and that people of every class migrated thither annually with their families”.
But the annual seaside holiday gradually inspired a litany of health warnings and caveats, aside from any water safety concerns.
“Precautions in Sea-Bathing” from 1883 outlined instructions from the British Medical Journal for this “tonic restorative”. “The good effects of a plunge are in proportion to the vigour of the reaction which is excited in the bather’s body by the shock of immersion. The more marked and prolonged the reaction the better; The time of bathing is important. It is a common error to suppose it is best to bathe before breakfast . . . After the long fast of the sleeping hours, the vital functions fall to a relatively low ebb, and they are liable to undue depression from such a severe shock as a cold sea-bath . . .
“A bather should never enter the sea while under the influence of emotional excitement; if the nervous force be unduly concentrated in any single direction, a sea-bath is likely to produce nervous depression rather than stimulation. A bather should not stand hesitatingly by the water’s edge until he becomes cold and shivering, but plunge boldly into the sea at once . . . no one bathing for health only should remain in the open sea for more than 10 minutes . . . His object ought to be to excite an energetic reaction, and then to leave the water.”
There were also instructions for children at the seaside.
In 1893, Dr WM Powell wrote: “It is not wise to allow children to remain in the water over five minutes, and they should at once be taken to the bath-house, and not permitted to play in their wet bathing clothes on the beach, Before entering the water always wet the head, and if the sun is very hot the head should be protected by a light straw bathing hat . . . Three or four sea baths a week are quite sufficient for even the strongest of children. After the bath, a thorough rubbing down should be given, and the child quickly dressed.”
July, 1950 provided: “A few rules that the wise mother will put into force, when the children take a sea-side holiday . . . Ask any local doctor’s advice as to the cleanliness of the water – if it is likely to be contaminated by sewage – and so on. Never let a child bathe or swim while even suffering from the smallest colds . . . Teach children to breathe through the mouth only when swimming. A mouthful of water is much less likely to cause infection than germs inhaled through the nose. All swimming champions know this.”
In 1908, readers were warned to wait a day or two before swimming “until the system had been braced by the invigorating air”. A decade later they were told to consult their doctor before sea-bathing: “If after bathing you feel fresh and glow with heat, it certainly agrees with you, but if after coming out of the water you feel shivery and languid, and only want to rest all the afternoon, you should only give it up at once; it does not agree with you.”
The following year our correspondent noted: “It is a good idea to rest for at least half an hour after bathing either on the beach or on a couch . . . If headache follows bathing it is caused by pressure of blood in the head, and may be relieved by putting the feet into hot water. At most Continental bathing places a foot bath of warm water is always placed in the bathing machine or the dressing room.”
The restrictive bathing rules of the Royal Humane Society were regularly reiterated. These included:
- Never bathe within two hours after a meal.
- Never bathe when exhausted or in ill-health.
- The practice of plunging into the water is to be thoroughly condemned.
- Never bathe when the body is cooling after perspiration.
The signs which forbid open-air bathing altogether are chilliness and shivering after entering the water, numbness of hands and feet.
“When the body is warm bathing may be indulged in, providing undressing is quickly accomplished, and the body is not chilled before it enters the water.”
Finally, from 1901 comes “A Hint About Health By The Seaside”, or rather seven hints.
- Never force yourself to take long walks, especially in the middle of the day. A long walk may be something to boast of, but it generally does more harm than good. One should saunter by the sea. If one does so, one is drinking in health with every breath.
- Never go to sleep in the strong sunshine. This is highly dangerous. So is walking too much, unless you perspire very freely. Perspiration saves many a life.
- Rise early, of course, but this means that you must go to bed about 9 or 9.30. Your friends may banter you for retiring so soon, but you will have refreshing sleep, and you'll have the pull upon them in the morning.
- Don't eat heavy meals, but take all the good fruit you can get. Strawberries, plums, pineapple, gooseberries and bananas are all good, but the last-named must not be spotted black. A black-skinned banana is a rotten one, and is unfit for even a pig to eat.
- Aerated waters, if cool, and with the addition of some fruit syrups, make a very wholesome and cooling drink for the seaside; but if you suffer too much thirst, take my advice and lower the diet as to quantity.
- Eat very slowly, and you won't eat too much. Oysters with brown bread and butter, and just one glass of draught stout – not hard – make a very nice repast for eventide.
- Try to do without stimulants altogether. You may be a bit languid for a day or two, but after that you'll find the advantage. Drinking spirits during the day often maddens people.
