Colombian presidential candidate Gustavo Petro, listens to his vice-presidential formula Francia Marquez as she delivers a speech in Cali. Photograph: Paola Mafla/AFP via Getty

Democratic left has struggled to win support after the vicious civil war

A protest outside the hospital in the city of Temuco, Araucanía region, southern Chile, where members of Mapuche community were admitted after they were injured in clashes with the military. Photograph: Mario Quilodran/AFP via Getty

Army sent in to contain crisis over demands for the return of ancestral lands

Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, called on all ‘good citizens’ to arm themselves during a diatribe against ‘communisation’. Photograph: Joedson Alves/EPA

Brazilian president trying to involve armed forces in campaign against voting system

 Former Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has positioned himself as the national unity candidate to take on far-right incumbent Jair Bolsonaro. Photograph: Sebastiao Moreira

Once-jailed former president challenges Bolsonaro with anti-poverty record of boom

Colombian presidential candidate Gustavo Petro suspended a trip scheduled for this week to the coffee zone on suspicion of a plan to attempt on his life. Photograph: Daniel Munoz/AFP via Getty Images)

Left-wing Gustavo Petro cancels campaign events amid fears of assassination plot

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro: His poll numbers continue to rise following the failure of the country’s traditional centrist parties to agree on a candidate to run against him in October. Photograph:  Evaristo Sa/AFP

Crisis mounts as president pardons supporter and taunts judiciary ahead of poll

Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president, at a re-election campaign event in Brasilia on Sunday. Photograph: Gustavo Minas/Bloomberg

São Paulo Letter: President’s alliance with evangelical Christians vital for re-election

Rio de Janeiro: Royal Navy sailor David Cuthbert, who arrived in the city 50 years ago on board the HMS Triumph, was shot dead by a group of left-wing guerrillas to show “solidarity with the combatants in Ireland”. Photograph: iStock

How a young Royal Navy cook was gunned down in Rio days later by left-wing guerrillas

Firefighters engage in a rescue mission after a giant landslide at the Caxumbu neighbourhood in Petrópolis.  A total of 152 people have been confirmed dead. Photograph: Mauro Pimentel/AFP

São Paulo Letter: Both droughts and severe flooding more frequent as Amazon denuded

Relatives and friends of people who were poisoned with adulterated cocaine outside the  emergency room of a hospital on the outskirts of Buenos Aires. Photograph: Rodrigo Abd/AP

Dozens hospitalised after taking drug with toxic substance sold in Buenos Aires suburbs

Brazil’s president’s one-time ultra-rightwing guru Olavo de Carvalho: Late adviser has blood on his hands, his estranged daughter claims. Photograph:  Alan Santos

Olavo de Carvalho gave intellectual veneer to anti-lockdown stance and unproven drugs

Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro:  he says  the new variant is far less lethal and ‘could signal the end of the pandemic’.  Photograph:  by Nelson Almeida/AFP

Health facilities have seen huge influx of people seeking treatment for Omicron as Brazil has its worst influenza outbreak in year(...)

 Chilean president-elect Gabriel Boric waves at supporters after delivering a speech in Santiago on Sunday. Photograph:  Martin Bernetti/AFP via Getty Images

35-year-old leader of progressive coalition has pledged to tackle high levels of inequality

A brochure for José Antonio Kast during a closing rally ahead of Chile’s presidential run-off elections, in Santiago. Photograph: Tamara Merino/Bloomberg

Voters go to polls on Sunday for most polarised ballot since return of democracy

 Director Wagner Moura, Bruno Gagliasso and Bella Camero pose with a shirt at the Marighella photocall during the 69th Berlinale International Film Festival in Berlin in 2019. Photograph: Andreas Rentz/Getty Images

São Paulo Letter: Bolsonaro attempted to prevent Marighella reaching cinemas

Book review: Elle Hardy charts the faith’s fervent march on the secular world

File photo from 2017 of Brazil’s Olympic Committee chief Carlos Nuzman being escorted from his home by federal police in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photo: Mauro Pimentel/AFP via Getty Images

Carlos Nuzman found guilty of paying substantial bribes Lamine Diack and Papa Diack

Bodies are removed from the crime scene  in  the municipality of Sao Goncalo in Rio de Janeiro. At least eight bodies, shot and with signs of torture, were found  in a mangrove  two days after the murder of a police officer in the region. Photograph: Andre Coelho/EPA

Eight bodies recovered from mangrove swamp a day after police officer killed by criminals

Hard-right former congressman José Antonio Kast speaking in Santiago. Photograph: Tamara Merino/Bloomberg

Ultra-conservative candidate has denied Pinochet regime was a dictatorship

Everything can change in a New York visit: Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro speaks to the UN General Assembly via live stream. Photograph: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg

Speech to UN condemned for untruths, and Covid-positive minister for health left in US

Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro waves to supporters during an Independence Day rally in São Paulo, Brazil.  Photograph: Jonne Roriz/Bloomberg

Brazil’s president says he spoke in ‘heat of the moment’ following address to supporters

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro greets his supporters in Brasília. Photograph: Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty

Far-right president renews attacks on supreme court at rally in Brasília

At the entrance to Ibirapuera Park in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Monument to the Flags is a work of art representing the frontiersmen and various ethnic groups. Photograph: Getty

São Paulo Letter: Statues controversy predates George Floyd protests

Fears of trouble next week follow months of insinuations by Jair Bolsonaro that he might not respect the result of next year’s presidential election. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty

Officials seek extra security ahead of events planned on country’s Independence Day

People hold signs that read ‘Béjar Out’. Minister’s resignation is the latest setback for new president Pedro Castillo, who faces a battle to have his cabinet approved by the opposition-dominated congress. Photograph: Gian Masko/AFP via Getty

Béjar blamed Peru’s navy for terrorism and claimed CIA responsible for insurgency

Avocado plantation in Latin America. ‘For all its wide travel, Gold, Oil and Avocados, with its relentless anti-capitalism and anti-Americanism is far too uninterested in the multiple other forces at work in shaping contemporary Latin America.’ Photograph:  Jose Castanares/AFP via Getty Images

Andy Robinson prefers to bang out the old hits rather than deeply explore the region’s rich complexities

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro. Photograph: Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty

Unsupported allegations against voting system come ahead of elections next year

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro with defense minister Walter Braga Netto as a military convoy passes Planalto presidencial palace in Brasilia on Tuesday. Photograph: Eraldo Peres/AP Photo

President accused of coup-mongering ahead of vote on his bid to change Brazil’s voting system

Jair Bolsonaro:  on taking office he immediately downgraded the culture ministry to a mere secretariat under tourism and has since sought to choke the sector financially. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty Images

Under Bolsonaro’s regime the Cinemateca Brasileira has been starved of funds and effectively abandoned

During the broadcast, Jair  Bolsonaro contradicted his previous statements and admitted it was impossible to prove whether or not fraud had occurred in previous elections. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty

Broadcast part of president’s aim to bring back paper ballots ahead of next election

 A couple taking a photograph with their health books after getting vaccinated in the Buenos Aires neighbourhood of Villa Crespo in Argentina. Photograph: EPA/Demian Alday Estevez

Delays in delivering Sputnik V second doses have the potential to leave millions of Argentines unable to finish their vaccination (...)

The leftist Pedro Castillo (C), accompanied by his formula to the vice presidency Dina Boluarte (L), greets supporters from a balcony after being proclaimed president-elect of the country. Photograph: Paolo Aguilar/EPA

Opponent Keiko Fujimori accepts defeat after electoral fraud allegations rejected

Brazil president Jair Bolsonaro: suffering from a partially blocked intestine which caused 10 days of chronic hiccups that left the far-right leader with difficulty speaking. Photograph: Joedson Alves

Brazil’s president claims 2018 stabbing not act of lone agent but part of conspiracy

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro  arrives on horseback at a demonstration by farmers calling for the end of Covid-19 restrictions  in Brasilia.  “Either we have clean elections in Brazil or we won’t have elections.”  Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty

São Paulo Letter: Many left in no doubt about Brazil’s unpopular president’s anti-democratic intentions

Women after being evicted from a settlement of homeless people set up during the Covid-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro state. Photograph: Mauro Pimentel/AFP via Getty

Congressman at centre of graft allegations says witness is being used to discredit him

Protest against President Bolsonaro’s handling of the pandemic. Photograph: MIchael Dantas/AFP via Getty Images

Failures to manage pandemic and roll out vaccines have stoked long-simmering tensions

Eduardo Vargas of Chile celebrates with teammates Arturo Vidal and Ben Brereton after scoring against Uruguay in front of an empty stadium. Photo: Miguel Schincariol/Getty Images

Fans don’t want it, empty stadiums, Covid is rife and yet matches continue to be played

 Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro with controversial former environment minister Ricardo Salles who announced his resignation on Wednesday. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty  Images

President Bolsonaro embroiled in a growing corruption scandal involving the purchase of Covid-19 vaccines

Peruvian presidential candidate Pedro Castillo has claimed victory after the final count confirmed he  had finished just 0.25 per cent ahead of rival Keiko Fujimori. Photograph: Luka Gonzales/AFP

Fujimori refuses to concede defeat after narrow loss, claiming systematic fraud

Peruvian leftist presidential candidate Pedro Castillo of Peru Libre waves to supporters from his party headquarters balcony in Lima on June 8th. Photograph: Gian Masko/AFP via Getty

Hard-left Castillo holds narrow lead over daughter of country’s former dictator Alberto

 Presidential candidate of Peru Libre party Pedro Castillo: His opponents do not just accuse him of admiring communist Cuba and the chavista regime in Venezuela but  also try to link him to the Maoist guerrillas of Shining Path. Photograph:  Raul Sifuentes/Getty

Pedro Castillo may mean end of free polls while Keiko Alberto vows to free father from jail

Brazil’s environment minister Ricardo Salles: US officials suspect corrupt Brazilian officials are providing falsified paperwork for illegally felled Amazonian hardwoods exported to the US. Photograph: Sergio Lima

Ricardo Salles investigated over link to Amazon forest products contraband

Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro waves at members of the agribusiness community who had gathered to show him their support, in Brasília, Brazil, on Saturday. Photograph: AP Photo/Eraldo Peres

São Paulo Letter: Question of why Bolsonaros were so opposed to vaccines comes to the fore

Opposition leader Juan Guaidó shows a poster depicting Venezuelan president Nicólas Maduro’s alleged links with criminals during a press conference in Caracas on May 12th. Photograph: Getty Images

Biden acknowledges signals coming from Caracas, but it is unclear if they are sufficient for him to lift sanctions against Venezue(...)

Young residents protest after a police operation against alleged drug traffickers at the Jacarezinho favela in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, left at least 24 suspects and one policeman dead. Photograph: Mauro Pimentel/AFP)

One policeman among those killed in operation targeting drug gang

Elderly citizens wait for their turn to get a dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at a centre in Lima this week. Photogrph: Getty

Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia among countries reporting increases in new infections

Women  in São Paulo on International Women’s Day. Numerous studies show sexual misconduct against women is rampant in Brazilian workplaces. File photograph: Fabio Vieira/Photo via Getty Images

São Paulo Letter: Incident was filmed by cameras covering the legislative assembly

Yonhy Lescano Ancieta, presidential candidate of the Popular Action party,  during a final campaign rally ahead of Sunday’s   election. Photograph: Angela Ponce/Bloomberg

While voters say they are fed up with years of corruption and political turmoil, and many plan to spoil their ballots, there is no(...)

Another burial in a cemetery in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The nation  registered  4,211 deaths from Covid-19 on Monday, a record for a 24-hour period. Photograph: Antonio Lacerda/EPA

President remains fiercely opposed to stricter measures to tackle a growing crisis

A Covid-19 patient holds up  rosary beads in a  hospital in Belem, state of Para, Brazil. Photograph: Tarso Sarraf / AFP via Getty

Public health experts warn it is too early to say if country’s infection rate is plateauing

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, left, has sought political gain by associating his administration with one of the country’s most respected institutions, filling his government with serving and retired officers. File photograph: Antonio Cruz/Agencia Brasil/EPA

Defence minister’s sacking was followed by the heads of the three branches of the armed forces

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro  and army commander Edson Pujol: the head of the army has a notoriously frosty relationship with the president.  Photograph:  Getty Images

Move exposes deep tensions between president and the military’s high command over his efforts to align it with his far-right agend(...)

Workers lower a coffin into a grave in the Vila Formosa cemetery in São Paulo on Wednesday. Photograph:  Fernando Bizerra

Country records more than 3,000 daily deaths for first time as health system buckles

Cardiologist Marcelo Queiroga will replace Eduardo Pazuello who, for  10 months, oversaw catastrophic health missteps as Covid-19 deaths near 300,000. Photograph: Joedson Alves

Anti-lockdown and pro-chloroquine Marcelo Queiroga takes portfolio amid fatalities surge

Former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva during a public press conference. Photograph: Fernando Bizerra jnr/EPA

Former president Lula, whose conviction has been annulled, set to run against Bolsonaro

The decision automatically restores Lula’s political rights, meaning he is eligible to run in next year’s presidential elections. Photograph: Fabrice Coffrini/AFP via Getty

Left-wing leader now free to challenge Bolsonaro in 2022 presidential race

President Bolsonaro (centre) would often make pistol-like hand gestures on the campaign trail, promising that, if elected, he would make it easier to buy firearms in Brazil. File photograph: Andre Borges/NurPhoto via Getty

São Paulo Letter: Is Brazil’s president concerned with protection or political leverage?

Passengers  disembark  a train at Luz station in São Paulo, Brazil,  on  February 26th,  2021. File photograph: EPA/Sebastiao Moreira

Country recorded 30,484 deaths last month as health officials demand tighter restrictions

Brazilian Deputy Arthur Lira, centre, is lifted as he celebrates being elected as president of Brazil’s Lower House in Brasilia on Monday. Photograph: Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty images

Brazilian president helps ally to win influencial leadership position in congress

Workers bury someone who died with Covid-19, in the Nossa Senhora Aparecida public cemetery in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, last week. Photograph: Raphael Alves/EPA

Brazilian president’s allies close in on key roles in Congress as coronavirus criticism mounts

A healthcare worker preparing  a  Covid-19 vaccine in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photograph: Victor Moriyama/The New York Times

Doubts over the country’s capacity to produce enough doses to bring the pandemic under control in the medium term

Jair Bolsonaro: one of the few issues his administration has worked hard on and with significant success is to make cheaper guns more accessible in Brazil. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP via Getty Images

São Paulo Letter: Both leaders see themselves as battling entrenched establishments that seek to thwart their goals

Demonstrators celebrate with green headscarves – the symbol of abortion rights activists – outside the Argentine Congress in Buenos Aires. Photograph: Ronaldo Schemidt/AFP via Getty

It is estimated that up to half a million illegal abortions take place in the country each year

A container with the CoronaVac vaccine  that arrived in Brazil from China at Guarulhos International Airport in  Sao Paulo. Photograph:   Nelson Almeida/AFP via Getty

Home to 8% of world’s population the region accounts for 30% of all deaths from Covid-19

Rio de Janeiro’s mayor Marcelo Crivella: he denies any wrongdoing, and says he is the victim of “political persecution”. Photograph: Mauro Pimentel/AFP via Getty Images

Judge who authorised Marcello Crivella’s arrest says the mayor is a risk to ‘public order’

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro:  he and his allies  stirred up anti-vaxxer sentiment.  Photograph:   Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty Images

São Paulo Letter: As global demand grows for vaccines, Brazil risks being at the back of the queue

Venezuela’s president Nicolás Maduro: has overseen the collapse of the economy of what was once South America’s richest country. Photograph: Ariana Cubillos

Nicolás Maduro claims ‘great victory’ in poll generally boycotted and not recognised

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro greets supporters after voting in Rio de Janeiro. Photograph: Antonio Lacerda/EPA

Brazil’s local elections are an important leading indicator for general elections

Propaganda invites voters to turn out  in the elections for the National Assembly in Caracas. Photograph: Miguel Gutierrez

Maduro targets win in election deemed by rival a ‘farce’ and by EU not ‘free and fair’

 Diego Maradona confronted by a posse of Belgium defenders during the 1982 Wold Cup in Spain. File photograph: Allsport

Diego Maradona understood football was first and foremost about the people’s passion

 Former president of Brazil Lula adjusts his facial mask while talking to the press after voting in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, on November 15th. Photograph: Fernando Bizerra/EPA

Workers’ Party risks alienating potential allies by insisting on centrality of ex-president

Sao Paulo governor  Joao Doria and  mayor Bruno Covas: The most significant defeat on the night for the president was in the race for mayor of  the biggest city in South America. Photograph: Patricia Monteiro

Brazilian president’s power under attack as traditional right and centre-right to fore

Regina Bento Sequeira, a 59-year-old lawyer and candidate for the municipal elections in Brazil, poses for a picture in Rio de Janeiro. Photograph: Carl de Souza/AFP via Getty Images

Brazilian president has endorsed a number of candidates who are struggling in the polls

 Jair Bolsonaro: “You can’t have a judge deciding if you are going to take a vaccine or not,” said the Brazilian president. Photograph:  Andressa Anholete/Getty Images

President orders health minister to abandon plans to purchase a Chinese vaccine

People celebrate at Plaza Italia square after a national referendum vote in Santiago, Chile, on Sunday. Photograph: Cristobal Olivares/Bloomberg

78 per cent of people back a new charter to replace one imposed in Pinochet era

 Demonstrations  on the  first anniversary of the social uprising in Chile, in Santiago,  as the country prepares for a landmark referendum. Photograph:  Martin Bernetti/ AFP via Getty

Further unrest as protesters say they are living in a two-tier society

Luis Arce, presidential candidate for Movement Towards Socialism (MAS). Photograph: Juan Karita/AP Photo

Presidential candidate significantly increases party’s vote share with leader still in exile

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro: Last week said he had ended the country’s Car Wash anti-corruption drive “because there is no more corruption in government”. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP via Getty Images

Brazilian senator Chico Rodrigues found hiding money by police investigating corruption

Presidential candidate for the far right  Creemos party, Luis Fernando Camacho,  addresses supporters during a campaign rally in La Paz  ahead of the upcoming general election in Bolivia on October 18th. Photograph: Aizar Raldes/AFP/Getty

Party of exiled former president Morales confident of outright victory in first round for its candidate Luis Arce

Relatives carry the coffin of a loved one to a section of a cemetery reserved for Covid-19 cases, in the outskirts of Lima, Peru. Photograph: Rodrigo Abd/AP Photo

Volatile politics, uneven healthcare and inequality enable coronavirus to wreak havoc

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro raises an image of Jesus Christ during a gathering with Catholic and anti-abortion supporters in Brasilia earlier this year. File photograph: Getty

Girl became pregnant after years of abuse at the hands of her aunt’s partner, a drug dealer

Jair Bolsonaro: embracing populism. Photograph: Andre Borges/Bloomberg

São Paulo Letter: President gains in popularity among the poor with social payments

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro  on a visit to the city of Sao Raimundo Nonato, in the state of Piaui. Photograph: EPA/ Alan Santos

President criticised for ‘gross negligence’ in handling crisis, as deaths approach 100,000

Cattle graze with a burnt area in the background after a fire in the Amazon rainforest near Novo Progresso, Para state, Brazil in 2019. Photograph: Joao Laet /AFP via Getty

São Paulo Letter: Jungle destruction prompts global pressure but makes little impact

Auditors found that the Brazilian health ministry reduced funding to state and municipal health systems in April when contagion was accelerating across the country. Photograph: AP Photo/Eraldo Peres

Federal auditors highlight chaos at heart of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration and its response to the crisis

President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro, delivers a speech during his isolation in Brasilia. Photograph: Andre Borges/EPA

Army high command growing increasingly uneasy at its association with Bolsonaro

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro has tested positive for Covid-19. Photograph: Marcos Correa/AFP/ Getty

Right-wing leader has sought to minimise threat posed by coronavirus, comparing it to ‘mild flu’

Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, at an event at the Planalto Palace in Brasilia on June 30th. Photograph: Andre Borges/NurPhoto via Getty Images

Brazil’s mounting Covid-19 death toll is not the president’s biggest problem

Passengers at the Se metro station in downtown Sao Paulo. Brazil’s health ministry said recent data points to a “significant increase” in new cases of Covid-19. Photograph: Sebastiao Moreira/EPA

Rights groups warn of ‘catastrophe of worrying proportions’ in prisons due to virus spread

Fabricio Queiroz, a former political assistant of Flavio Bolsonaro, after being arrested. Photograph: Nelson Almeida/AFP via Getty

Brazilian president appears dejected as judicial siege tightens around administration

Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro: The country leads the world for daily deaths from Covid-19. The official total death toll exceeds 40,000. Photograph: Joedson Alves

Brazil’s congress plans to block president’s move to use Covid-19 crisis to control colleges

Inmates and a hostage on the top of a tower of the Puraquequara prison during a rebellion during which seven prison guards were taken hostage, in Manaus. Photograph: Michael Dantas/AFP via Getty

Relatives of prisoners fearful loved ones will catch virus in chronically overcrowded jails

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro wears a protective mask during the national flag raising ceremony in Brasilia on Tuesday. Photograph: Andre Borges/Bloomberg

Bolsonaro says he will scrap cabinet meetings over leaked video as infections accelerate

Supporters of far-right Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro taking part in a protest  in Brasilia on May 3rd. Photograph: Ueslei Marcelino/Reuters

Pandemic bearing down on region that spent 2019 racked by political crises and social unrest

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro shakes hands with his new attorney general Jose Levi Mello do Amaral jnr during his inauguration ceremony in Brasilia on Wednesday. Photograph: Evaristo Sa/AFP via Getty Images

President faces fine of €825 a day if he fails to comply with court order

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro at a rally in Brasília on Sunday. Protesters demanded an end to the country’s Covid-19 shutdown and called for the military to intervene against congress.  Photograph: Joedson Alves/EPA

President spoke at far-right protest amid bitter political dispute over coronavirus

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro (left) greets the outgoing health minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta during the swearing-in ceremony of the new minister, Nelson Teich, on Friday. Photograph: Ueslei Marcelino/Reuters

President demands easing of Covid-19 measures and accuses congress of plot to oust him

Volunteers members of Associacao Acao Comunitaria Nova Heliopolis distribute food in Heliopolis favela  during the coronavirus pandemic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photograph:  Rodrigo Paiva/Getty

Up to 40 million workers in informal sector hit particularly hard in Covid-19 crisis

Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro: “The generals in the palace know Bolsonaro is completely out of his depth. He is the wrong man in the wrong place at the wrong time,” says political consultant André Pereira César.  Photograph: Adriano Machado/Reuters

Brazil’s president wary of the pandemic’s effect on his grip on power

A man in São Paulo bangs on a saucepan in protest during President Jair Bolsonaro’s TV address on Tuesday night.  Photograph: Carlos Menezes/EPA

President continues campaign against lockdown but moderates tone in national address

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