At just 63 my father has been diagnosed with Lewy body dementia. What is this?
Lewy body is a type of dementia. It is more common in men and in those over the age of 60. In this condition, abnormal round deposits of protein called Lewy bodies form in nerve cells. These deposits occur throughout the outer layer of the brain (cerebral cortex) resulting in the death of nerve cells. Lewy bodies can also occur in other conditions such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease but tend to develop in other parts of the brain.
When his memory problems started, we thought he had Alzheimer’s disease.
The symptoms of Lewy body dementia are similar to those of Alzheimer’s disease. These include memory loss, disorientation, and problems understanding, communicating and controlling behaviour.
However, differences in symptoms may be experienced in the early stages of Lewy body dementia. Mental function can fluctuate, often dramatically, over a period of days to weeks, but sometimes from moment to moment. Sufferers may stare into space for long periods of time. Initially, attention and alertness may be more impaired than memory. The ability to copy and draw may be impaired more severely than other brain functions.
Hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia are more common in Lewy body dementia. Hallucinations tend to be visual and are often complex and detailed.
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms. MRI and CT scans may be used to out rule other causes of dementia.
Physical symptoms are similar to those of Parkinson’s disease. These include stiff muscles, slow movements and a shuffling walk. The person may be stooped over, and experience problems in balancing and falls. Tremor may also develop later but causes fewer problems than it does in Parkinson’s disease. Sleep difficulties are common. Autonomic nervous system problems can lead to difficulties regulating blood pressure and body temperature. As a result, people may faint, sweat too much or too little, have a dry mouth, or have urinary problems or constipation.
Can medication help?
While there are no specific medications for Lewy body dementia, the same drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease may be helpful. Drugs for Parkinson’s disease may also help relieve some symptoms.
Antipsychotic drugs are not recommended as they can worsen the hallucinations causing more distress to the person.
Supportive strategies are used to prolong independence and functioning for as long as possible.
