I’m in my early 30s and have recently begun to get migraine headaches. What causes them?
A migraine headache is thought to be caused by abnormal brain activity. It is believed to affect nerve pathways and chemicals, which in turn affect blood flow in the brain and surrounding tissues. In about 40 per cent of cases, triggers such as stress, particular foods or environmental factors may be involved.
Migraines can strike at any age but more usually between the ages of 10 and 45. They are more common in women and tend to run in families. Triggers can include alcohol, bright lights, odours, smoke or perfumes, exercise and loud noise. Hormone changes, disturbed sleep, missed meals and physical or emotional stress can trigger attacks.
Processed, fermented, pickled or marinated foods can bring on migraine. Chocolate, dairy products and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) may also trigger them. Foods containing tyramine and fruits such as avocado, banana and citrus fruit can also precipitate attacks.
Before the headache arrives my vision goes funny. Is this what is known as an aura?
Migraines can occur with or without an accompanying aura. An aura is a visual disturbance, thought to affect about 20 per cent of migraine sufferers. Common symptoms experienced by migraine sufferers include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion and, in rare cases, temporary paralysis and loss of speech. Sensitivity to light, noise and strong smells is also frequently reported.
Migraine headache pain may be felt behind the eye as well as in the head and neck. It tends to be worse on one side of the head and starts as a dull ache, which gets worse within minutes to hours and can last from six to 48 hours.
Chills, fatigue and loss of appetite are also common symptoms. Numbness, tingling or weakness and sensitivity to light or sound can also be experienced.
Some migraine sufferers report problems with concentrating, word- finding difficulties and an increased need for sleep. Symptoms may linger even after the migraine has gone away.
Over-the-counter remedies help ease the pain but what else can I do?
While there is no specific cure for migraine headaches, some medications may help reduce the number of attacks and their severity. Where possible, avoid identifiable triggers.
Migraine symptoms should be treated as quickly as possible. Keep well hydrated and rest in a quiet, darkened room with a cool cloth on your head.
Over-the-counter pain killers should be used in moderation as overuse of pain medications may result in rebound headaches.
