My eldest son, a normally cheerful 14-year-old, has changed, almost overnight into a tearful, sad, non-communicative teen. Is this normal?
The teenage years can be hard, not least on parents. Some teens become less communicative and more distant towards their parents and siblings. Others can become impulsive, self-absorbed and anti-social. And although it may appear that their behaviour is just a way to annoy their long-suffering parents, the truth is quite different. Neuroscientists have found evidence that between the ages of 12 and 25 the brain undergoes intensive reorganisation and remodelling resulting in the changing behaviour exhibited by most teenagers.
There is a history of depression in our family and I’m worried this might be the problem.
Depression can affect children and teens. It can develop as a response to situations or stresses. These can include the normal stress of maturing, changes in hormone levels and conflict with parents and school.
It may also be a response to a death or to the break-up of a relationship. Bullying, abuse, learning difficulties and long-term illness can also increase the likelihood of depression developing.
Adolescent girls are twice as likely as boys to experience depression.
And a family history of depression also puts teenagers at greater risk.
He says he feels sad and is having trouble sleeping.
Teenagers who are depressed may see everything in a more negative light. Symptoms of depression may include changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating and making decisions. They may be fatigued and have trouble sleeping, sleep too much or experience daytime sleepiness. They may be sad, upset, restless or irritable and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed.
Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness and self-hatred may be experienced.
The depressed teen may think or talk about suicide or death. Sometimes the teen’s behaviour can change without any obvious symptoms of depression. Behaviours such as defiance, irresponsible risk taking, poor school performance and the use of alcohol or drugs may be signs that the teen is depressed.
Symptoms that last for at least two weeks and affect your teens’ mood or ability to function need prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment options can include interventions from a health professional, talk therapy – such as cognitive behavioural therapy – and family therapy. For some, antidepressant medications may be required. Treatment must be tailored to the teenager, and their symptoms.
While depression usually responds well to treatment, getting the right treatment as early as possible may prevent further episodes.
