CHECK-UP:Asbestosis is a breathing disorder caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres
What is asbestos?
Asbestos is a natural mineral product that is resistant to heat and corrosion. Commonly used before 1975 in construction, it was found in a wide range of products including insulation, fire-retardant materials, cement and some vinyl floor tiles. Exposure to asbestos can occur in asbestos mining and milling, fire-proofing and insulation industries. Families of asbestos workers can also be exposed to asbestos particles brought home on the worker’s clothing. Handling of asbestos is now strictly regulated to prevent exposure to the product.
My uncle, who worked in the construction industry when he was younger, has only recently been diagnosed with a condition called asbestosis.
Asbestosis is a breathing disorder caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres. Prolonged accumulation of these fibres in the lungs can cause scarring of lung tissue, a condition called fibrosis. The severity of the disease depends on how long the individual was exposed to asbestos and the amount inhaled. Often, there are no immediate signs of the condition and symptoms may not develop for many years after exposure. Not everyone exposed to asbestos for long periods develops asbestosis, and genetic factors are thought to play a role.
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath – particularly on exertion – and chest tightness. Other possible symptoms include nail abnormalities and clubbing of the fingers. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing the disease.
Asbestosis can also cause other conditions to develop. These include pulmonary hypertension, heart problems, pleural plaques and pleural effusion. Exposure to asbestos at an early age and for long periods may increase the risk of malignant mesothelioma developing. This is an uncommon cancerous tumour of the lining of the lung and chest cavity (pleura) or of the lining of the abdomen. It can take between 20 and 50 years after exposure for the condition to develop.
Can asbestosis be treated?
Tests used to diagnose asbestosis include chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, CT scans and special lung scans. While there is no cure available, treatment focuses primarily on relieving symptoms. To ease symptoms, postural drainage and chest physiotherapy can help to remove secretions from the lungs. Medications to thin secretions may be prescribed and oxygen by mask or by a plastic device that fits into the nostrils may be required. Some patients may require lung transplantation.
The outcome will depend on the duration and extent of the asbestos exposure. Patients who develop malignant mesothelioma have a poor prognosis.
