A weekly column looking at common treatments, both conventional and alternative.
Conventional drugs:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
What are they? Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are preparations used to relieve pain, inflammation and fever and are of a family of drugs which do not contain opiates or steroids. The most common types are aspirin, diclofenac (Voltarol), ibuprofen (Brufen), mefanamic acid (Ponstan) and naproxen.
What are they good for? They are useful in treatment of pain associated with headaches, toothache, arthritis, sore throat, menstruation and muscle injury. High temperatures and inflammation are also relieved by NSAIDs. They are often found in combination with other medications such as cold/flu preparations. In low doses aspirin can be used to prevent blood clots and in arterial disease it reduces the incidence of heart attack and stroke.
How do they work? NSAIDs do not work centrally in the brain, but rather work at the site of the pain itself. They work by blocking the production of chemicals
called prostaglandins, that are produced by damaged tissues. Prostaglandins act on nerve endings so that a signal is passed along a series of nerves to the brain, where it is interpreted as pain.
Any contraindications? These drugs should not be used by those with a history of stomach problems. Aspirin can cause Reye's syndrome, a rare liver and brain disorder, in children and are therefore not recommended in those under 12. They should not be used by those with asthma, a previous allergic reaction to NSAIDs or a blood-clotting disorder.
Possible side-effects? NSAIDs can cause irritation of the stomach and duodenum resulting in ulceration and bleeding. Alcohol should be avoided as it increases the likelihood of stomach irritation if taken with NSAIDs. They may also interact with a range of other drugs.
Dr Muiris Houston
Alternative remedy: Calendula
What is it? Calendula is a herbal remedy made from the yellow or orange petals of the marigold flower.
How does it work? Calendula has anti-inflammatory, astringent (i.e. it contracts body tissue and thereby reduces bleeding), anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
What is it good for? Its main use as a lotion or cream is as a first-aid treatment for cuts due to physical damage or skin infections, minor burns and scalds. As an internal treatment, it is used to ease indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gall-bladder problems. It also helps delayed menstruation and painful periods. Its anti-fungal properties mean it can be used to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot and thrush. It is also used in the treatment of varicose ulcers and skin conditions such as eczema.
Are their any contraindications or drawbacks? None.
Are there any side-effects? No. Calendula is a very safe herb and suitable for self-treatment.
Sylvia Thompson