A weekly column looking at common treatments: Conventional drugs: Bronchodilators What are they? Bronchodilators are drugs used to widen the bronchioles (small breathing tubes), which, if narrowed, obstruct the flow of air in and out of the lungs and cause breathlessness.
Common types of bronchodilators include Salbutamol, Salmeterol,Terbutaline, Oxitropium bromide and Theophylline.
What are they good for? As they help to dilate the airways, they are used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis.
How do they work? Because the small airways in the lungs are narrowed due to the contraction of the muscles and the swelling of the mucous lining, this impedes the passage of air through the lungs. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchioles. These drugs can work in one of two ways: either by enhancing the action of neurotransmitters that encourage muscle relaxation, or by blocking the ones that trigger muscle contraction.
Any contraindications or drawbacks? Certain bronchodilators, such as theophyllines, need to be prescribed with caution for those with high blood pressure, heart problems and over-active thyroid disease. Others known as anticholinergic drugs are not suitable for those with urinary retention or who have a tendency to glaucoma.
Are there any side-effects? Some bronchodilators affect the autonomic nervous system that controls heart rate. As a result they can cause palpitations and trembling. Other side-effects include dry mouth, blurred vision and difficulty passing urine. Theophylline drugs can cause nausea and headaches. - Dr Muiris Houston
Alternative remedy: Lavender
What is it? Lavender is an evergreen woody shrub with grey-green narrow linear leaves and blue flower spikes. The essential oil of lavender is extracted from the fresh flowering tops by steam distillation. It can then be used in baths, oil burners and carrier oils for massage, or directly on the skin.
What is it good for? It is valued for its use on skin complaint such as abscesses, acne, boils, bruises, burns, insect bites, stings, sunburn and allergies. It is also good for muscle sprains, aches and pains in the joints, and arthritic pain. Respiratory illnesses such as throat infections, flu and bronchitis, and digestive problems such as flatulence and nausea, can also be treated with lavender. Its calming properties make it good for stress-related conditions such as headaches and insomnia.
How does it work? Lavender has anti- inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, analgesic (painkilling) and antiseptic properties which make it excellent for skin damaged due to infection or injury. It is also known to have both sedative and stimulating properties, which make it balancing for the nerves.
Any contraindications or drawbacks? It is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Some people dislike the smell of lavender and therefore shouldn't use it. Overall, lavender is a very safe oil. It can be used for baby massage and is one of the few essential oils that can be applied neat to the skin.
Are there any side-effects? It is important to carry out a patch test to check skin sensitivity before using lavender oil. Put a few drops on the back of your wrist, cover with a plaster and leave for an hour. If there is irritation or redness, discontinue use. - Sylvia Thompson