HUMANS ARE obsessed with structure and the search for reason in randomness. This is as true for artists and musicians as it is for mathematicians and for this reason maths often underlies creative endeavours.
Just how intertwined with mathematics painters, writers and choreographers can become, was discussed last night at the RDS in Dublin in a talk by Prof Marcus du Sautoy of the University of Oxford.
There is an “interesting dynamic” between artists and mathematics said Prof du Sautoy OBE, who is Oxford’s Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science. He was speaking yesterday in advance of his RDS lecture last night entitled ‘The Secret Mathematicians’.
In it, he showed how composers, painters and architects could draw inspiration from the structures produced within mathematics. Some did this overtly, finding ways to incorporate maths into their creative efforts, while others applied mathematical concepts without doing so consciously, Prof du Sautoy said.
The composer Olivier Messiaen applied mathematics directly to his work. Prof du Sautoy described Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time, which very definitely used maths.
He applied prime number 17 to establish the rhythm, and 29 for harmonics – a combination that ensured these never quite get into synchronisation. This in turn produced unusual musical effects. “Messiaen knew what he was doing,” Prof du Sautoy said.
Artist Salvador Dali was also mentally attuned to mathematics, Prof du Sautoy added. “He was very deliberately exposing himself to scientific ideas,” and said he would rather be among scientists than artists.
Other artists were simply attempting to build structure into their works without consciously applying mathematical constructs. Yet the end results could be the same, hence his description of these creative people as “secret mathematicians”.
It was not just an attempt to use mathematics as a different form of expression but using it as a way to “find something beautiful and interesting”, Prof du Sautoy said.
“It is all part of a human obsession with structure. We are looking for structure that somehow gives our world meaning,” he said.
The maths became valuable to an artist because it added to the beauty of the end result. Maths could add to the aesthetics of what these artists were creating, and for this same reason mathematicians were also attracted to the beauty and simplicity of what they discover.
The talk was an RDS/ Irish Times/Maths Week Ireland initiative. Maths Week continues until the weekend and details of the events taking place around the country can be found on mathsweek.ie
MATHS WEEK:
QA Greek army is attacking a fortified town. The town is surrounded by a square moat. The king tells Pythagoras he wants to make wooden bridges to cross the moat during the night. Pythagoras estimates the distance using his clever maths and reports that the moat is 10m wide.
The king orders two wooden bridges, 10m long to be made and when these are delivered he realises that they needed to be longer than 10m to be supported at either bank. There are no materials to tie or nail them together and no time with the oncoming dawn to make new bridges. What course did Pythagoras recommend?
AAs it is a square moat Pythagoras recommends putting one 10m bridge across the outer corner of the square. The other bridge will then span from this one diagonally across to the bank on the other side. (Use Pythagoras' Theorem to check!)
WHAT'S ON TODAY:
Maths in the Pub:The Randomness Show with Steve Humble: 7.30pm, Mercantile Pub, Dame Street, Dublin – are events random or structured.
Maths in the Simpsons:a talk about the Simpsonsand maths by Matt Parker, Waterford Institute of Technology, 10.30am.