Oil, coal, N-power in Bush's energy plans

King Coal is back in favour. So is nuclear power

King Coal is back in favour. So is nuclear power. Drilling for oil and gas will be encouraged in the Alaskan wilderness and the Bush Administration will open up other designated federal land for exploration and ease environmental requirements on coal producers and on building power stations, of which it wants a further 1,300.

Unveiling the 105 proposals in his long-awaited, well-signalled but highly controversial energy plan, President Bush appealed in St Paul, Minnesota, to environmentalists and supporters of energy to "stop yelling at each other". They were not "competing priorities, but dual aspects of the same purpose - to live well and wisely on the Earth."

A new strategy based on the efficiencies that new technology could bring was crucial, he said, to avoid long-run increases in prices and to give the US the diversity of supply that would guarantee its freedom from overseas "blackmail".

But his proposals were denounced by environmentalists and the Democrats who argued that the focus on increasing production rather than support for conservation reflected what the Democratic Senate leader, Mr Dick Gephardt, called the administration's "unprecedented ties to the energy industry".

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Both Mr Bush and the Vice-President, Mr Dick Cheney, who chaired the working group which produced yesterday's report, are oil men and insist that the supply situation is worse than at any time since the oil crisis of the 1970s. Responding to claims that his plan would do little to ease short-term shortages like that in California, Mr Bush insisted that it would have a psychological effect on the markets and contribute immediately to easing fuel prices.

But poll evidence that a perceived gung-ho anti-environmentalism is hurting the administration has forced Mr Cheney to include a series of conservation and alternative energy measures in the package.

Some $4 billion will be available in tax credits for those who want to put up solar panels or choose to buy more energy-efficient cars, a decision that is likely to help push car companies into increasing their somewhat reluctant production of "hybrid" cars which use both electric and petrol engines to substantially reduce consumption.

And $1.2 billion in receipts from licences for drilling in parts of the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) will go to supporting alternative energy sources like wind, sun and biomass. But Mr Bush still faces a tough uphill battle in Congress over ANWR.

Mr Bush's first move will be to establish an energy office in the White House which will direct federal agencies to fast-track permits for new power plants and energy projects by eliminating "redundant" building requirements.