A report into the Columbia space shuttle disaster of 2003 revealed a series of equipment failings including problems with the spacesuits.
When the first of many loud alarms sounded on the shuttle, the seven astronauts had about a minute to live, though they didn’t know it.
The pilot, William McCool, pushed several buttons trying to right the ship as it tumbled out of control.
He didn’t know it was futile. Most of the crew were following Nasa procedures, spending more time preparing the shuttle than themselves for the return to Earth.
Some weren’t wearing their bulky protective gloves and still had their helmet visors open. Some weren’t fully strapped in.
One was barely seated.
In seconds, the darkened module holding the crew lost pressure. The astronauts blacked out. If the loss of pressure didn’t kill them immediately, they would be dead from violent gyrations that knocked them about the ship.
In short, Columbia’s astronauts were quickly doomed.
A new Nasa report details the chaotic final minutes of Columbia, which disintegrated over Texas on February 1, 2003.
The point of the 400-page analysis is to figure out how to make Nasa’s next spaceship more survivable. The report targeted problems with the spacesuits, restraints and helmets of the Columbia crew.
Many of the details about the astronauts’ deaths have been known — they died either from lack of oxygen during pressure loss or from hitting something as the spacecraft tumbled and broke up.
However, the new report paints a more detailed picture of the final moments of the Columbia crew than the broader investigation into the accident five years ago.
Astronaut Pam Melroy, deputy study chief, said the analysis showed the astronauts were at their problem-solving best trying to recover Columbia, which was starting to crack up as it re-entered Earth’s atmosphere with a hole in its left wing, damage that had occurred at liftoff. “There was no way for them to know that it was going to be impossible.”
The crew had lost control of the motion and direction of the spacecraft. It was pitching end-over-end, the cabin lights were out, and parts of the shuttle behind the crew compartment — including its wings — were falling off.
“It was a very disorienting motion going on,” Nasa deputy associate administrator Wayne Hale said in a telephone conference call. “There were a number of alarms going off simultaneously. The crew was trying very hard to regain control.
We’re talking about a brief time in a crisis situation.” The Nasa study team is recommending 30 changes based on Columbia, many of them aimed at the spacesuits, helmets and seatbelts for both the shuttle and the next space capsule Nasa is building. Since the accident, Nasa has quietly made astronauts put more priority on getting their protective suits on, Ms Melroy said.
Nasa’s suits don’t automatically pressurise, “a basic problem of suit design and it is one we intend to fix with future spacecraft,” Mr Hale said.
PA