The United States will send non-lethal aid directly to Syrian rebels for the first time, secretary of state John Kerry said today, disappointing opponents of president Bashar al-Assad who are demanding Western weapons.
More than 70,000 Syrians have been killed in a devastating conflict that began with peaceful anti-Assad protests nearly two years ago. Some 860,000 have fled abroad and several million are displaced within the country or need humanitarian assistance.
Mr Kerry, speaking in Rome after a meeting of the mainly western and Arab "Friends of Syria" group, said his country would more than double its aid to the Syrian civilian opposition, giving it an extra $60 million (€45.7 million) to help provide security.
The US would now "extend food and medical supplies to the opposition, including to the Syrian opposition's Supreme Military [Council]", Mr Kerry said.
In their final statement, the Friends of Syria pledged more political and material support to the opposition Syrian National Coalition, a fractious group that has struggled to gain traction inside Syria, especially among disparate rebel forces.
Riad Seif, a coalition leader, said on the eve of the Rome talks that it would demand "qualitative military support", though another coalition official welcomed the shift in the US stance.
"We move forward with a great deal of cautious optimism," said Yasser Tabbara. "We heard today a different kind of discourse," he said, adding the opposition need military and political support.
The modest US policy shift may compound the frustration that had prompted the coalition to declare last week it would boycott the Rome talks. It changed its mind under US pressure.
Many in the coalition say western reluctance to arm rebels only plays into the hands of Islamist militants now widely seen as the most effective forces in the struggle to topple Dr Assad.
However, a European diplomat held out the prospect of possible western military support, saying the coalition and its western and Arab backers would meet in Istanbul next week to discuss military and humanitarian support to the rebels.
Mr Kerry's offer of medical aid and meals ready to eat (MREs), the US army's basic ration, fell far short of rebel demands for sophisticated anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons to help tip the balance against Dr Assad's mostly Russian-supplied forces.
It also stopped short of providing other forms of non-lethal assistance such as bullet-proof vests, armoured personnel vehicles and military training to the insurgents.
The Rome talks were the latest evidence that the US and its allies have no appetite for military intervention in Syria, after the withdrawal of US-led troops from Iraq and the draw-down under way in Afghanistan.
The final communique called for an immediate halt to "unabated" arms supplies to Damascus by third countries, referring mostly to Dr Assad's allies Russia and Iran.
It also said Syria must immediately stop indiscriminate bombardment of populated areas, which it described as crimes against humanity.
Nato officials say Assad's military has fired ballistic missiles within Syria, which the government denies.
Human Rights Watch has reported at least 171 civilians were killed in four Scud missile strikes last week.
The "Friends of Syria" pledged "more political and material support to the coalition as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people and to get more concrete assistance inside Syria", but gave no details on exactly what would be provided.
Mr Kerry said earlier this week he would not leave the Syrian opposition "dangling in the wind", unsure of getting support.
But the White House continues to resist providing weaponry to the rebel forces, arguing there was no way to guarantee the arms might not fall into the hands of militants who might eventually use them against western or Israeli targets.
US officials have said the US defence and state departments, under former secretary of defence Leon Panetta and former secretary of state Hillary Clinton, privately recommended that the White House arm the rebels, but were overruled.
"It's a huge debate inside the administration between those that have to deal with Syria on an everyday basis, the State Department and DoD particularly, and the White House, which ... until now has vetoed any kind of outreach to the armed groups," said Andrew Tabler, senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a think-tank in the US capital.
The US says it has already provided more than $50 million in non-lethal assistance such as communications gear and governance training to the civilian opposition.
A source in the Syrian coalition, however, said even the extra $60 million promised by Washington was a pittance compared to what he said was the $40 million a day in humanitarian aid needed for Syrian refugees and internally displaced persons.
The US has provided some $365 million in humanitarian aid for Syrian refugees in countries such as Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon and for internally displaced people, channelling this money through non-governmental organisations.
More than 40,000 people a week are fleeing Syria and the total number of refugees will likely pass 1 million in less than a month, far sooner than the UN had forecast, a senior UN official told the security council yesterday.
UN high commissioner for refugees Antonio Guterres said his agency had registered 936,000 Syrians across the Middle East and North Africa, nearly 30 times as many as in April last year.
"We expected to have 1.1 million Syrian refugees by June. If things continue to accelerate like this, it will take less than a month to reach that number," he told the 15-member council.
Reuters