US lawmakers pressed Chinese president Hu Jintao to get tough on North Korea and improve human rights today but trod more softly on the currency dispute that is a major irritant between the world's top two economies.
Mr Hu was urged by president Barack Obama yesterday to let the value of China's currency rise but members of Congress zeroed in on human rights and trade to underscore the huge gaps between Beijing and Washington.
"Chinese leaders have a responsibility to do better and the United States has a responsibility to hold them to account," John Boehner, the new Republican speaker of the House of Representatives, said after meeting Mr Hu with other lawmakers today.
US vice president Joe Biden said the increase in value of China's yuan has not been enough. But he said the Chinese indicate they understand this.
"There has been movement. Not enough," Mr Biden told reporters. He said the Obama administration had "significant discussions" about it in bilateral meetings during the visit of Chinese president.
"They [the Chinese] indicate that they understand that - that they have to work on it," Mr Biden added.
Analysts have called Mr Hu's visit to Washington the most significant by a Chinese leader in 30 years given China's growing military and diplomatic clout.
But it comes at a time of strains over everything from economic policy and climate change to the nuclear ambitions of North Korea and Iran.
Lawmakers said they urged Hu to take a stronger line on North Korea, hoping to use Beijing's influence over Pyongyang to ease tensions on the Korean peninsula and resume aid-for-disarmament talks.
After a series of business deals were announced this week, Mr Hu continued his courtship of US companies with a speech describing the benefits of cooperation before he was due to travel to Chicago on Thursday afternoon. More deals are expected to be announced there.
Underlining China's importance to the global economy, data today showed its annual growth quickened in the fourth quarter of last year to 9.8 per cent, defying expectations of a slowdown.
As US voter anger simmers with unemployment riding above 9 per cent, lawmakers have threatened new tariffs to punish Beijing for policies that critics say undervalue the yuan by up to 40 per cent against the dollar.
The policies make China's exports artificially cheap, the critics charge, and contribute to a trade gap that Washington puts at $270 billion.
While House lawmakers skipped the currency question, which has been raised more frequently in the past by Democrats than Republicans, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid did raise it in his meeting with Mr Hu, an aide said.
And the US Treasury kept up the pressure with assistant treasury secretary Charles Collyns saying Beijing has kept the yuan "substantially undervalued".
Mr Obama had spoken forcefully about the yuan in a joint news conference with Mr Hu yesterday but the comments by Mr Collyns were the sharpest direct criticism of China's currency policies during Mr Hu's visit.
Rick Larsen, the Democratic co-chairman of the bipartisan US-China Working Group in the House, said China must get serious about improving US access to its huge domestic market and allowing the yuan to rise.
"This puts US companies at a disadvantage and unfairly tilts the playing field toward domestic Chinese companies," he said in a statement.
State media in China lapped up the pomp of the visit but largely avoided mention of the rare news conference by the two presidents, where Mr Hu was peppered with questions about the yuan and human rights.
Beijing residents said BBC and CNN broadcasts of the summit went blank when questions moved to human rights and anti-Chinese protesters, although access to foreign news channels is limited to upscale hotels and apartment complexes.
Newspapers splashed photos of Mr Hu with Mr Obama across their front pages, with headlines touting a "new chapter in relations" after China agreed to buy $45 billion worth of US goods in deals that seemed aimed at quelling anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States.
Mr Hu told the US-China Business Council today that cheap Chinese exports had saved American consumers $600 billion over the past decade and described hopes for a richer partnership - while avoiding mention of human rights or the currency issue.
"Our two countries have never enjoyed such broad common interests and shouldered such broad common responsibilities as they do today," Mr Hu said, adding that China "will unwaveringly take the path of peaceful development".
Neither Mr Boehner nor Mr Reid attended yesterday'sWhite House dinner for Mr Hu, labelled "a dictator" by the Senate majority leader in a television interview this week. Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell skipped the Hu visit entirely.
Senator John McCain, the 2008 Republican presidential candidate, and former Democratic House speaker Nancy Pelosi led the effort to put pressure on Mr Hu over human rights in their meetings, congressional aides said, illustrating the bipartisan nature of concern over China's record.
Small groups of rights activists continued to demonstrate near Mr Hu's Washington hotel today while a larger number of China supporters gathered nearby to shout counter-slogans.
Democratic Representative Howard Berman said it was frustrating that issues such as currency could not be covered in today's meeting between House members and Mr Hu.
"Many of us never got a chance to raise issues because of the limited time," he said. "Life is full of frustrations."
In the past week, China's central bank has repeatedly set the daily mid-point for the yuan at record highs in keeping with a policy of strengthening the currency during important diplomatic events.
But China has thus far resisted demands for faster appreciation of the yuan.
Vice foreign minister Cui Tiankai said Beijing's position on the exchange rate "has not substantially changed" while commerce minister Chen Deming said China wanted to resolve the trade imbalance through talks and the value of the yuan was not to blame, the official Xinhua news agency said.
Analysts said the US-China business pacts agreed during the visit looked impressive but some agreements may take years to materialise and others were closer to non-binding draft deals that still require further negotiations - leaving the real results of the visit unclear.
Reuters